A Soldier Murdered in Woolwich, and Gandhi's 'Way Out of Hell'

After the awful events of the previous day, yesterday I had the pleasure of listening on-line to the Harvard professor, Bob Kegan, giving a talk at the RSA. It will be available in a few days in both audio and video versions (http://www.thersa.org/events/audio-and-past-events/2013/the-further-reaches-of-adult-development-thoughts-on-the-self-transforming-mind)

Professor Kegan is interested in how the human mind goes on developing even once adulthood has been reached, and has spent a lot of time researching this subject.

We are said to have reached adulthood once we have developed a ‘socialised’ mind. Many of us do not develop further than that, though some of us do go on to develop what Kegan calls a ‘self-authoring’ mind. Some adults, though a small percentage at the moment, go on further to develop a ‘self- transforming’ mind. Over the years Kegan has never come across anyone who has gone back a stage, though he has found many increments within each stage.

The socialised mind,  the stage at which the majority of adults in the world remain, seems to me to correlate with Maslow’s ‘need to belong’ (in his ‘hierarchy of needs’ model, which is taught widely in business schools as a tool for understanding the various motivations of workers.) I would also correlate it with Spiral Dynamic’s ‘blue’ or traditional stage.

The socialised mind  is a wonderfully civilising level, where the individual’s focus shifts from ‘me, me, me’ to ‘us’. The good of one’s ‘tribe’ becomes paramount here, and it’s where loyalty to one’s family, religion and country springs from. The rule of law is accepted, even when it inconveniences the individual, for the greater good. There is a reliance on tradition for deciding how life is to be carried on.

I think the correlation in Kabbalah would be the so called ‘vegetable’ person (although I really hate that term) because those of us who have developed to the socialised mind state, though not beyond, are happy providing we can lead comfortable lives – eat, grow, reproduce, and feel the sun on our skins (the simple things for which so many of yearn!) See my earlier post on this: Vegetable,Animal and Human People.

Those of us who go on to develop a self- authoring mind also need those things, especially a set of laws which apply to all; one doesn’t suddenly start driving on whichever side of the road one feels like, when it’s much more sensible to stick to the left like everybody else in the UK. However, people moving into this stage find a new capacity for independence, especially independence of thought. “Emotional life seems to be more internally controlled” as well. (Kegan, 1982, page 102). At this stage the individual’s ‘sphere’ of loyalty tends to get wider, going gradually from ‘ethnocentric’ towards world-centric’. Kegan himself, in the book quoted above, “The Evolving Self”, equates this level with the ‘need for self- esteem’ stage in Maslow’s hierarchy of needs model, and talks of people at this stage exercising “personal enhancement, ambition or achievement” (page 120).

In Kabbalah, I would correlate people at this stage with those referred to as ‘animal people’.

The next development is that which most excites Kegan.  He says that he has not yet encountered a stage of development beyond this, though he admits that this may be because he isn’t able to recognise it. (It is widely accepted that up until and including the self-authoring level, the level before is seen as ‘backward’ and the next level as incomprehensible and threatening. People generally have a nasty habit of killing other people who stand out at or represent a level or two above.)

A person with a self- transforming mind is able to hold multiple interpretations of one situation at the same time, more and more comfortably as they develop further into this stage. Strange, confusing and even irrelevant as this would seem to many of us, this is ‘a way out of hell’. In last night’s talk, Kegan referred to an incident in Gandhi’s life – particularly relevant as I write this, a couple of days after the brutal murder of a soldier in Woolwich. 

A Hindu comes to Gandhi to tell him he has killed a Muslim child by hitting its head against a wall, because Muslims killed his own child. Now he was ‘in hell’. Gandhi (a Hindu himself) suggests a way out of that hell – to adopt an orphaned Muslim child, and bring it up in its own faith, while continuing to practise Hinduism himself. This is a suggestion from a self-transforming mind. In Kabbalah I’m presuming that a person at this level of development would be called a human person.

Kegan reported last night that he had never come across this stage fully developed in anybody who had not yet reached mid-life. (Can I throw in here that I think I may have met younger people who were well on the way? But I’m not an expert.) He pointed out that two thirds of the people who have ever lived / are living into their sixties are alive now, life expectancy having grown that much in the last few decades. He assumes therefore that many more people will develop self-transforming minds and this is most propitious, because socialised and self authoring minds cannot solve the problems on this planet caused by socialised and self authoring minds! Only from the next level, which includes and goes beyond the two previous levels, will that be possible.

But what am I for??

Those of you who’ve read the first few postings on this blog will know that I took voluntary redundancy last July from my job as a lecturer at a University in London, at the age of 56, (calculating that the redundancy sum would see me through to when I could start receiving my pension without too harsh a financial penalty.)

The opportunity to retire early came at an opportune time. I was so exhausted because of fibromyalgia, depression and heart problems, that I was seriously doubting I would manage to work through to 60. When I first gave up work I slept.  And slept.  Sometimes for 20 hours a day. It wasn’t what I had thought would happen; I’d envisaged that once I gave up work my energy would immediately start to come back, and those first couple of months were very frustrating. But then  I did start to regain energy. I started to learn to pace myself and, by early December I had joined a local choir and had started attending a fortnightly kabbalah meeting- both wonderful sources of mental and spiritual nourishment.

In January of this year, however, a financial problem, which had been unforeseen when I took voluntary redundancy (that of my husband also being made redundant), led me to consider going back to work part time. There was plenty of work  for what are known as ‘visiting’ or ‘hourly paid’ lecturers in my subject. And so, buoyed up by my increasing energy levels, I agreed to go into a University in the City of London and teach all day one day a week. Looking back now, I don’t think that decision was purely financial; I think I was also seduced by the notion of being wanted again, by contributing something to society that others thought was worth paying for.

It is easing our financial situation but, from the point of view of my physical, emotional and mental health, it is proving disastrous. I'd forgotten that even perfectly healthy lecturers my age would try to avoid doing 3 hours teaching with only one hour’s break before the next 3 hours, followed immediately by one hour of seeing students with individual queries. Within a fortnight I had to give up choir and kabbalah, and was not getting up out of bed at all the day after going into London.

To many of my friends and relatives, the solution was obvious: my health was more important than money. We’d learn to manage on whatever money we had. My GP, who for years had told me that there was nothing I could do about fibromyalgia other than pace myself, finally referred me to a specialist consultant in fibromyalgia/ chronic fatigue syndrome/ ME and he told me that he thought he could alleviate the symptoms of my condition, but not while I was commuting in and out of London during rush hour one day a week.

And yet,  and yet. I have a contract until the end of July which I do not intend to break, but saying no to offers of work for succeeding terms and semesters, from various sources, has proved to be profoundly difficult. You see, if I’m not working….. what am I for??

It’s not that I have identified so completely with my work persona that I don’t feel as if I exist unless I’m working (though I have had that problem in the past.) The problem is around what I really want to do instead, which I’m now very clear about. I want to know, I want to understand everything I can about the human condition, about human potential. I want to read every book I can lay my hands on about psychology, philosophy, spirituality, watch every programme on TV, attend every talk at the RSA, listen to every radio programme and join every internet group concerned with these topics. I know my understanding will necessarily be bounded by my own level of development intellectually, emotionally and spiritually, but it is hard to describe the pleasure I get from coming across a writer or speaker who makes sense of something that has hitherto been a puzzle, who resolves a paradox, who enables me to expand the area of my understanding, to see the bigger picture.

But isn’t this all just dreadfully self-indulgent? I didn’t think it was, when I could pass on some of the more relevant things I had come to understand to my students, but when I finally give up teaching for good, for the sake of my health, I no longer have that ‘justification’. Although I suppose it’s not so much justification I’m seeking, as doing something  with what I’ve learnt.

Do many people my age feel this?

In terms of justifying these pursuits,  I know I can use what I’ve learnt to decide how best to vote, and which shops to avoid if I don’t want to be exploiting other people or participating in cruelty to animals. I am slowly learning to balance discipline, boundaries and structure with tolerance and mercy. I hope I am learning how to live a better life for myself and the good of others generally.

I passionately want to avoid leaving this planet having taken more than I’ve contributed. This is not just because I have a son, who will probably have children of his own, and I don’t like to think of leaving them a degraded planet (I know of people who have chosen not to have children because of their concern about over- population). There is an even more basic force at work, which those of you who have read my earlier postings will know I put down to the imperatives within my soul (for those who haven’t, please see 'Honouring the Gods')

But here’s another thought. We all know that a wave of anger, or of love, or of any other emotion, is as real in terms of their force as a wave of the sea. Many of us know how the material world can hold on to emotions that seem to have soaked into the physical fabric – for example, the peacefulness within many places of worship, or the feeling we get when we walk into an unknown place that something dreadful has happened there. Some people claim that if you can get a certain critical number of people meditating within a certain geographical area, that area will enjoy a reduction in crime and various other positive outcomes, because the altered brainwaves of the meditators are not confined within their own brains. (For those who don’t know from earlier postings, this is not a blog for materialists, see my post "A Sense of Being Stared At"  .)

So, then, maybe what I’m learning and understanding  is not confined to my own brain? Maybe it doesn’t all disappear when I die? Perhaps by just making the effort to learn and understand, I’m boosting the general learning and understanding level within the local population? No man (or woman) is an island......